Here’s one more kind of mirage. It’s a polar mirage occurring in both the Arctic and the Antarctic. It gives the impression that the Sun is rising earlier than it actually should and depending on the meteorological situation, the Sun looks like a line or a square.

Light rays are bent and refracted in different layers of atmosphere and it seems that the Sun is higher than it actually is. As you probably get from the name, people noticed this phenomenon on the archipelago of Novaya Zemlya. On January 24, 1597, an expedition crew saw the Sun 2 weeks before the end of the polar night.