In 2012, researchers in Papua New Guinea discovered a frog measuring .27 inches long, making it the world’s smallest vertebrate. Its name is the Paedophryne amauensis, and it was discovered while recording frog calls and following an unfamiliar call which sounded more like an insect. They were led to the leaf litters on the forest floor where they were well-camouflaged and became the first non-fish to obtain the title of world’s smallest vertebrate.