The Bagdad Battery
This is a set of three artifacts that were found together in modern-day Iraq. According to historical record, if you combine a ceramic pot, a tube of copper and an iron rod, you get a rudimentary galvanic cell, a.k.a a battery.
Dating back to the Parthian period (250 BC – 224AD), it was assumed that this was used for electroplating or electrotherapy, millennia before we even thought it was possible.
Then again, there’s a different set of scholars that think this is BS, and the artifacts are just a fancy way to store scrolls.