The Church didn’t fight against scientists or burn them at the stake. The idea of opposing religious ideas belonged to philosopher John William Draper in the 19th century. His theory became popular but was criticized and called a historical hoax. The Church could punish a person (like those in the military, peasants, ordinary citizens, and even monks) for heresy, the retreat from religious teachings.

People depended on agriculture and to make their lives easier, the horseshoe, plow, yoke, and windmill were all invented. Windmills were used for the production of leather items. A blast furnace and new methods of metal processing also appeared.

Horizontal looms and distaffs allowed people to produce large amounts of fabric. It was at this time that buttons were invented and became an important fashion accessory. In their everyday lives, people used mechanical watches, glasses, and mirrors. Printing and the first printing presses also started to appear. The invention of both the compass and the ship wheel let sailors make new discoveries as well.