Path Forward

Achieving meaningful harmonization requires balancing international cooperation with respect for national sovereignty. Rather than imposing uniform rules, successful frameworks should establish minimum standards that countries can adapt to local contexts.

Technology offers tools for better coordination. Centralized AML systems could reduce duplication, lower compliance costs and mitigate breach risks across borders. Shared databases for self-excluded individuals would enhance player protection without requiring identical national laws.

The industry must also commit to transparency. Operators working across multiple jurisdictions need clear compliance pathways that don’t force them to choose between markets or navigate contradictory requirements.

International bodies should facilitate ongoing dialogue between regulators, helping them learn from each other’s experiences. Europe shows focus on adding complexity with no signs of harmonization across regulated markets, suggesting the challenge extends beyond simply creating standards.

As gambling moves increasingly online and operators serve global audiences, the current fragmentation becomes unsustainable. Countries that develop workable international frameworks will better protect consumers, reduce compliance burdens and position their gambling industries for sustainable growth in an interconnected world.