The meanings of certain words are understood by dogs
When you tell your pup you love them, they understand, right? You might think so, and you’re not far off. Studies have found that dogs process language in the same part of the brains as well do. Dogs don’t just know who we are and how we say things, but also understand a degree of what we say. As long as the word has a meaning and an association, they can determine what you’re saying and what it all means.
Also, intonation is a huge thing. You can say absolute gibberish to your pup, but if you say it happily, they’ll understand the emotion and meaning behind it.