Smallpox: the only human disease that has been successfully eradicated.
This is a unique disease because it’s one of the deadliest known to humanity and the only one that was completely eradicated. Smallpox has no cure or treatment and the smallpox vaccine was the first successful vaccine to ever be invented. It was discovered that peasants who worked with cattle contracted a much more benign version of the disease and thanks to that, they were immunized against it. This showed that administering the attenuated virus could generate antibodies to any strain of the same virus. Later, this would become the vaccine we know today.
Explained almost 3 years ago:
https://earthsky.org/space/wow-signal-explained-comets-antonio-paris