Have you ever seen deadly caterpillars? They do exist in South America. Lonomia obliqua is one of the world’s most dangerous caterpillars. It is responsible for several deaths each year.
Lonomia enjoys hiding on the trees’ bark. If you lean against a tree in Brazil or other South American country where Lonomia lives, you might be poisoned by these caterpillars.
Their poison can cause serious bleeding, hemolysis and even death.
You can see the consequences of meeting with Lonomia inside this post.
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I am guessing there is an antidote or this thing doesn't kill very fast.